数据与计算发展前沿 ›› 2026, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (2): 82-97.

CSTR: 32002.14.jfdc.CN10-1649/TP.2026.02.007

doi: 10.11871/jfdc.issn.2096-742X.2026.02.007

• 专刊：冰冻圈大数据挖掘分析关键技术及应用 • 上一篇    下一篇

北极航道环境数字化服务及应用研究

邱玉宝1,2,3,*(),崔恒1,2,3,金泽楷1,2,3,李晓婷1,2,余淑文1,2,3   

  1. 1 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院， 北京 100094
    2 可持续发展大数据国际研究中心， 北京 100094
    3 中国科学院大学， 北京 101408
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-13 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-04-23
  • 通讯作者: *邱玉宝（E-mail:qiuyb@aircas.ac.cn）
  • 作者简介:邱玉宝，中科院空天信息创新研究院研究员，可持续发展大数据国际研究中心数字环境研究室主任及学术建设委员会委员，从事微波遥感、冰雪及北极环境遥感、数字环境与可持续发展等研究工作。承担多项科技部国家重点研发计划项目（国际合作）、国家科技重大专项（2030重大科技专项 新一代人工智能）课题、中国科学院A类先导项目子课题和国家自然科学基金等国家和省部级项目，是地球观测组织（GEO）寒区监测计划的共同领导及联络人，担任“数字丝路”国际科学计划秘书长，获得省部级奖项2项，获得发明专利10余项，发表论文百余篇。
    本文负责论文思路构建、初稿设计与撰写，研发航道数字环境系统。
    QIU Yubao is a Research Professor at the Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He serves as the Director of the Digital Environment Laboratory and the member of the Academic Development Committee at the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals (CBAS). His research focuses on microwave remote sensing applications、cryosphere and Arctic environmental remote sensing、digital environment, and sustainable development. He has led several national-level research projects, including the Ministry of Science and Technology’s National Key R&D Program (International Cooperation), the National Science and Technology Major Project, and projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. He is one of the PoC and Co-Lead to the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Cold Regions Initiative and also serves as the Secretary-General of the “Digital Belt and Road” (DBAR) international science program. Professor Qiu has received two provincial and ministerial-level awards, holds more than ten invention patents, and has published over one hundred scientific papers.
    In this paper, he is responsible for developing the overall research framework of the paper, designing and drafting the initial manuscript, and leading the development of the digital environmental system for Arctic shipping routes.
    E-mail: qiuyb@aircas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划重点专项“冰冻圈大数据挖掘分析关键技术及应用”(2022YFF0711704);新一代人工智能国家科技重大专项(2022ZD0117202);国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项“数字化北极航运：遥感信息快速监测及短期预报研究”(2019YFE0105700);国家自然科学基金项目“融合海冰动力学特征和热力学-微波辐射耦合模型的深度学习北极海冰密集度估算研究”

Research on Digital Environment Services for Arctic Sea Route

QIU Yubao1,2,3,*(),CUI Heng1,2,3,JIN Zekai1,2,3,LI Xiaoting1,2,YU Shuwen1,2,3   

  1. 1 Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
    2 International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China
    3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
  • Received:2025-10-13 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-04-23

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摘要：

【背景】 气候变暖致使北极海冰持续减少，为全球交通和国际性贸易提供了新通道，北极航行已从探索阶段进入了发展期。在北冰洋少冰季、融冰或结冰期，航道环境信息的及时获取是安全航行的关键。【目的】 论文旨在基于空天数据、人工智能预报技术和综合性通航指数，发展北极航道环境信息获取、服务及数字化应用能力，构建应对北极航行安全和北极环境治理的航道环境数字化服务系统。【方法】 论文围绕当前空天数据的可获取性，遴选形成了影响北极航道的环境关键变量；以传统的可通航性指数为基础，引入降水、气温、水汽、海表温度、浪高等环境因子，构建了综合性通航评估模型；研制了基于空天数据的航道环境信息服务系统，在北极航行应急响应、年度计划和中长期规划等方面提供分层次的支撑服务；系统在我国北极探索性航行和北极极端环境探险性航行服务支撑中取得了实际效果。【结论】 该系统综合北极航道环境关键变量、多源空间数据、海冰预报技术、通航性评估模型，构建了航行分层服务策略，为北极航道环境信息服务、北极航行安全及环境治理提供了重要的数字化工具。

关键词: 北极航道环境, 关键变量, 空天信息产品, 通航性评估, 海冰AI预报

Abstract:

[Background] Climate warming has led to a continuous reduction of Arctic sea ice, and has provided new routes for global transportation and international trade. Arctic navigation has shifted from the exploration stage to a period of development. During the low-ice season, melting, or freezing periods in the Arctic Ocean, the timely acquisition of environmental information on Arctic sea routes is crucial for ensuring safe navigation. [Objective] This paper aims to enhance the acquisition, service, and digital application capabilities of Arctic routes environmental information based on aerospace data, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based forecasting technologies, and a comprehensive navigability index. It seeks to develop a digital service system for Arctic route environmental conditions to support navigation safety and environmental governance in the Arctic. [Method] Focusing on the current accessibility of aerospace data, the study identifies essential environmental variables affecting Arctic sea routes. Based on traditional navigability indices, it incorporates additional environmental factors such as precipitation, air temperature, water vapor, sea surface temperature, and wave height to construct a comprehensive navigability assessment model. Furthermore, a route environmental information service system based on aerospace data is developed to provide multi-level support for Arctic emergency response, annual planning, and medium-to long-term strategic decision-making. The system has demonstrated practical effectiveness in supporting China’s exploratory Arctic voyages and extreme-environment Arctic expeditions. [Conclusion] By integrating essential environmental variables of Arctic sea routes, multi-source spatial data, sea ice forecasting technologies, and navigability assessment models, the system establishes a layered service strategy. It provides an essential digital tool for Arctic route environmental information services, navigation safety, and environmental governance.

Key words: Arctic sea route environment, essential variables, aerospace data and information, assessment on navigability of Shipping, AI-based sea ice forecasting