Links, Interconnectivity, and Partnerships——30 Years of CSTNET

doi:10.11871/jfdc.issn.2096-742X.2024.02.002

Abstract

Abstract:

[Objective] Since the international connection to the Internet on April 20, 1994, the Internet era commenced in the Chinese mainland. Over the past three decades, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been at the forefront of establishing the academic and non-profit research network, known as the China Science and Technology Network (CSTNET). CSTNET has played a pivotal role in the construction and development of the Chinese Internet. [Methods] To provide a comprehensive understanding of the development of China’s Internet, this article delves into the 30-year journey of CSTNET, exploring its historical development stages, dissecting key technologies, and highlighting important projects. [Conclusions] The discussions provide constructive directions for current and future network innovation, showcase disciplinary achievements, and envision the future. We hope the review of CSTNET may cast light on the better understanding of the Chinese internet history and is useful for the future development of intelligible cyberinfrastructures in scientific domains.

Key words: CSTNET, CSTCloud, Cyberinfrastructure, Global Open Science Cloud, Open Science, Internet

LI Jianhui, ZHANG Lili, CHEN Wei, LIU Yude, LI Jingjing, MA Tongyu, LUO Ze, ZHANG Haiming, YU Ning, REN Yongmao, PEI Changhua, LI Jian, NIU Tie, ZHANG Bo, WU Kaichao, ZHENG Yihua. Links, Interconnectivity, and Partnerships——30 Years of CSTNET[J]. Frontiers of Data and Computing, 2024, 6(2): 10-24, https://cstr.cn/32002.14.jfdc.CN10-1649/TP.2024.02.002.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

References 50

[1]	习近平. 在视察“互联网之光”博览会时的讲话(2015年12月16日)[N]. 人民日报, 2015-12-17.
[2]	中国科学院计算机网络信息中心. 中心概述[EB/OL]. [2024-03-21]. https://cnic.cas.cn/zxgk/zxgs/.
[3]	习近平. 习近平在中央网信领导小组第一次会议上的讲话[EB/OL]. (2014-2-27).[2024-3-20]. https://www.gov.cn/ldhd/2014-02/27/content_2625036.htm.
[4]	中国科技网. 中国科技网简介[EB/OL]. [2024-03-21]. https://www.cstnet.cn/.
[5]	CSTCloud. China Science and Technology Cloud[EB/OL].[2024-3-24]. https://www.cstcloud.net/cstcloud.htm.
[6]	ZHANG L, LI J, Uhlir P, et al. Research e-infrastructures for open science: The national example of CSTCloud in China[J]. Data Intelligence, 2023, 5 (2): 355-369. doi: 10.1162/dint_a_00196
[7]	CSTCloud. Global Open Science Cloud[EB/OL].[2024-3-24]. https://www.cstcloud.net/gosc.htm.
[8]	CHEN Y, LI J, SIMON H, et al. 2021. The Global Open Science Cloud Landscape[R/OL]. The Global Open Science Cloud Workshop, Virtual, 2020, Nov 3. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.5575275.
[9]	CHEN Y, ZHANG L, LI J, et al. 2023. The Global Open Science Cloud: Vision and Initial Successes[R/OL]. GOSC IPO, 2023. DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/8296517.
[10]	RYAN J. A History of the Internet and the Digital Future[M]. Reaktion Books, 2010:31.
[11]	HEY T. Cyberinfrastructure for e-Science[J]. Science, 2005, 308(5723): 817-821. doi: 10.1126/science.1110410 pmid: 15879209
[12]	NSF. NSF and the Birth of the Internet[EB/OL]. [2024-3-25]. https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/nsf-net/textonly/80s.jsp.
[13]	ESnet. About ESnet[EB/OL]. [2024-03-21]. https://www.es.net/about/.
[14]	Internet2. About Us[EB/OL]. [2024-03-21]. https://internet2.edu/community/about-us/.
[15]	CANARIE. Global Research and Education Network[EB/OL]. [2024-03-21]. https://www.canarie.ca/nren/gren/.
[16]	AARNet. Who we are[EB/OL]. [2024-03-21]. https://www.aarnet.edu.au/who-we-are.
[17]	GÉANT. About GÉANT[EB/OL]. [2024-03-21]. https://about.geant.org/about/.
[18]	SINET. About SINET[EB/OL]. [2024-03-21]. https://www.sinet.ad.jp/en/aboutsinet-en.
[19]	KREONET. Introduction[EB/OL]. [2024-03-21]. https://www.kreonet.net/eng/.
[20]	TEIN. About TEIN[EB/OL]. [2024-03-21]. http://www.tein.asia/sub/?mc=802010.
[21]	IRNC. NSF 20-535: International Research and education Network Connections (IRNC)[EB/OL]. [2024-03-21]. https://new.nsf.gov/funding/opportunities/international-research-education-network.
[22]	AER. AER Network[EB/OL]. [2024-03-21]. https://aer-network.net/.
[23]	GNA-G. About us[EB/OL]. [2024-03-21]. https://www.gna-g.net/about-us/.
[24]	Introduction of CSTNET[EB/OL].[2024-3-20]. https://www.cstcloud.net/cstnet.htm..
[25]	FAST. 500米口径球面射电望远镜[EB/OL]. [2024-3-25]. https://fast.bao.ac.cn/.
[26]	LAMOST. 关于LAMOST[EB/OL]. [2024-3-25]. https://www.lamost.org/public/about.
[27]	中国科学院. NCFC, 中国互联网从这里起步[EB/OL].(2014-04-19).[2024-3-26]. https://www.cas.cn/kxcb/kpwz/201404/t20140419_4093686.shtml.
[28]	Internet society. IPv6[EB/OL].[2024-3-23]. https://www.internetsociety.org/deploy360/ipv6/.
[29]	CERN. The Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG)[EB/OL]. [2024-3-24]. https://home.cern/science/co-mputing/grid.
[30]	国务院. “十三五”国家信息化规划[EB/OL].(2016-12-27]. [2024-3-20]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-12/27/content_5153411.htm.
[31]	中央网络安全和信息化委员会. “十四五”国家信息化规划[R/OL]. (2021).[2024-3-20]. https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-12/28/5664873/files/1760823a103e4d75ac681564fe481af4.pdf.
[32]	中国科技云. 关于我们[EB/OL].[2024-3-24]. https://www.cstcloud.cn/xmjs.
[33]	钱华林, 葛敬国, 李俊, 等. 层次交换网络体系结构[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2008: 1-277.
[34]	任勇毛, 秦刚, 唐海娜, 等. 高速长距离光网络传输协议性能分析[J]. 计算机学报, 2008, 31(10): 1679-1686.
[35]	REN Y, TANG H, LI J, et al. A Novel Congestion Control Algorithm for High Performance Bulk Data Transfer[C]. In Proc. of the 8th IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA’09), Boston, USA, 2009, July, 9-11: 288-291.
[36]	WANG G, WU Y, DOU K, et al. AppTCP: The Design and Evaluation of Application-based TCP for e-VLBI in Fast Long Distance Networks[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems, 2014, (39): 67-74.
[37]	LI C, REN Y, ZHOU X, et al. DS-AQM: Differentiated Service Active Queue Management[J/OL]. China Communications, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23919/JCC.ja.2023-0007.
[38]	WANG G, REN Y, DOU K, et al. IDTCP: An Effective Approach to mitigating the TCP Incast Problem in Data Center Networks[J]. Information System Frontier, 2014, 16(1): 35-44.
[39]	YANG W, DU W, ZHAO B, et al. Cross-Layer Assisted Early Congestion Control for Cloud VR Applications in 5G Edge Network[C]. International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking and Services (WCNC), Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 21-24 April, 2024:1-6.
[40]	ZHAO B, YANG W, DU W, et al. CPS: A Multipath Scheduling Algorithm for Low-Latency Applications in 5G Edge Networks[C]. In Proc. of the 32nd International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN 2023), Honolulu, HI, USA, July 24-26, 2023:1-10. DOI: 10.1109/ICCCN58024.2023.10230144.
[41]	ESTAN C, KEYS K, MOORE D, et al. Building a better NetFlow[J]. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 2004, 34(4): 245-56. doi: 10.1145/1030194.1015495
[42]	SI H, PEI C, LI Z, et al. Beyond Sharing: Conflict-Aware Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection[C]. Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE), San Francisco, United States, 3-9 December, 2023: 1635-1645. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3613896.
[43]	YU A, PEI C, HAO B, et al. CMDiagnostor: An Ambiguity-Aware Root Cause Localization Approach Based on Call Metric Data[C]. Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference, Austin, United States, 30 April-4 May, 2023: 2937-2947. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3543507.3583302.
[44]	XIE Z, PEI C, LI W, et al. From Point-wise to Group-wise: A Fast and Accurate Microservice Trace Anomaly Detection Approach[C]. Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE), San Francisco, United States, 3-9 December, 2023:1739-1749. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3613861.
[45]	YU Z, PEI C, ZHANG S, et al. AutoKAD: Empowering KPI Anomaly Detection with Label-Free Deployment[C]. IEEE 34th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE), Florence, Italy, 9-12 October, 2023.
[46]	JGN. JGN High Speed R&D Network Testbed[EB/OL]. [2024-03-21]. https://testbed.nict.go.jp/jgn/english/index.html.
[47]	About SINET[EB/OL].[2024-3-24]. https://www.sinet.ad.jp/en/aboutsinet-en.
[48]	SingAREN. About Us[EB/OL]. [2024-3-24]. https://www.singaren.net.sg/about-us/.
[49]	JUCC. HARNET Research & Education Node[EB/OL].[2024-3-24]. https://www.harnet.hk/.
[50]	中国科技网发起亚洲首个弹性骨干网合作协议正式签署[EB/OL]. [2024-3-24]. https://cnic.cas.cn/gzdt/202308/t20230824_6866258.html.