Abstract:

[Objective] Scientific research is accelerating its transition toward the “Fourth Paradigm,” characterized by data-intensive exploration, with scientific data—as a novel production factor in the digital era—ascending to become both the foundational innovation infrastructure and a core strategic asset in the development of national innovation systems. [Methods] This study elucidates the conceptual boundaries, evolutionary trends, and characteristic transformations of scientific data, and examines the mechanism of the multiplier effect of scientific data elements through three dimensions: value creation, value realization, and value amplification, following the elementization of scientific data. [Results] The research posits that activating the multiplier effect of scientific data elements adheres to the scientific logic of “element activation - value release-systemic evolution”, achieved through a four-dimensional synergistic framework: reshaping production relations via differentiated institutional supply systems, enhancing productivity through the integration of heterogeneous technology stacks, deepening exchange dynamics via a “data commerce-factor-scenario” market, and driving systemic evolution through open collaborative ecological networks-collectively enabling efficient allocation and value maximization of scientific data elements. [Conclusions] From the perspective of data elements, the governance paradigm of scientific data is transitioning from “resource management” to “element governance.” As application markets, scenarios, and technologies mature iteratively, the governance system, governance capacity, and governance rules of scientific data will exhibit a spiral-coevolutionary trajectory, characterized by mutual reinforcement between institutional innovation and technological advancement. This dynamic interplay fosters a governance ecosystem where system design guides capability enhancement, while capability breakthroughs propel rule iteration, ultimately injecting robust momentum into scientific innovation and societal progress.

Key words: data elements, scientific data, multiplier effect, activation path, governance paradigm