数据与计算发展前沿 ›› 2025, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (5): 153-162.

CSTR: 32002.14.jfdc.CN10-1649/TP.2025.05.012

doi: 10.11871/jfdc.issn.2096-742X.2025.05.012

• 技术与应用 • 上一篇    下一篇

国家数据治理与加速推进关键领域数据产权界定

张广寅1,2(),顾立平1,2,*()   

  1. 1.中国科学院文献情报中心，北京 100190
    2.中国科学院大学，经济管理学院，信息资源管理系，北京 100190
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-11 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-10-23
  • 通讯作者: 顾立平
  • 作者简介:张广寅，中国科学院文献情报中心，博士研究生，主要研究方向：科技文献内容挖掘、数据科学。
    本文中负责部分文稿初始与后续修改。
    ZHANG Guangyin is a doctoral student at National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences. His main research interests include content mining of scientific and technological documents and data science.
    In this paper, he is responsible for the initial drafting and subsequent revision of part of the manuscript.
    E-mail: zhangguangyin@mail.las.ac.cn|顾立平，中国科学院文献情报中心，研究员，博士生导师，兼任中国科学院大学经济管理学院信息资源管理系岗位教授。主要研究方向：开放科学，数据科学，用户信息行为。
    本文中负责部分资料搜集和部分文稿撰写。
    GU Liping is a researcher and doctoral supervisor at National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He also serves as a professor at the Department of Information Resources Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. His main research interests include open science, data science, and user behavior.
    In this paper, he is responsible for literature collection and writing part of the manuscript.
    E-mail: gulp@mail.las.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金一般项目“开放科学环境中数据馆员服务模式研究”(21BTQ005)

Accelerating Data Governance and Clarifying Data Property Rights in Key Sectors

ZHANG Guangyin1,2(),GU Liping1,2,*()   

  1. 1. National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    2. Department of Information Resource Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • Received:2024-11-11 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-10-23
  • Contact: GU Liping

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摘要：

【目的】 数据作为新型生产要素，其治理和产权界定对国家竞争力至关重要。本文从国家战略高度出发，探讨中国数据治理与关键领域数据产权界定的加速推进路径。【方法】 首先，文章梳理了国家数据治理和产权界定的发展现状，分析了当前中国数据治理面临的数据确权模糊、安全合规落地困难以及市场化机制不健全等挑战。其次，文章借鉴了美国、欧盟和日本的数据产权实践经验，聚焦金融、医疗健康、科学研究和工业互联网四个关键领域，分析了数据产权界定的重点和难点，提出了相应的对策建议。【结论】 最后，面对国内数据产权的难题，本文认为应重点从完善顶层设计、加强技术创新和深化国际合作三方面入手，逐步构建系统化、规范化、可持续的数据治理体系，充分释放数据要素价值，赋能经济社会高质量发展，最终实现建设数据强国的战略目标。

关键词: 数据治理, 数据产权, 关键领域, 信息安全, 国际合作

Abstract:

[Objective] Data, as a new factor of production, plays a crucial role in national competitiveness. This paper explores pathways to accelerate data governance and property rights delineation in key sectors within China, adopting a national strategic perspective. [Methods] Firstly, the paper reviews the current status of national data governance, analyzing challenges such as ambiguous data ownership, difficulties in implementing security and compliance measures, and an underdeveloped market mechanism. Secondly, it draws upon the experiences of the United States, the European Union, and Japan in data property rights practices, analyzing the priorities and challenges in defining data property rights within four key sectors: finance, healthcare, scientific and technological innovation, and the industrial internet, and proposing corresponding countermeasures. [Conclusion] Finally, urging a proactive approach to address domestic data property rights challenges, this paper proposes three implementation pathways: improving top-level design, strengthening technological innovation, and deepening international cooperation. By addressing the challenges of data property rights through these interconnected pathways, China can unlock the transformative potential of data, driving economic growth and societal progress towards its goal of becoming a leading data-driven nation.

Key words: data governance, data property rights, key areas, information security, international cooperation