Abstract:

[Objective] To address the issues of limited capacity, insufficient scenario adaptability, and neglection of multipath fading and formation cooperative interference in conventional ADS-B systems for low-altitude high-density UAV scenarios, this study develops a surveillance capacity calculation model integrating scenario adaptation and cross-layer coordination to improve the accuracy and applicability of ADS-B capacity assessment in complex low-altitude environments. [Methods] Scenario-based parameters such as formation service correlation and multipath fading bit error rate are introduced. A dual cross-layer optimization framework with interference cancellation coefficient and task priority is constructed, and a correlation model between message reception rate and surveillance capacity for low-altitude UAVs is established. Simulations are conducted in compliance with the minimum performance requirements for operation identification of civil unmanned aircraft systems. [Results] Simulation results demonstrate that system capacity can be boosted by over 200% through interference cancellation, formation decoupling, priority scheduling, and anti-multipath optimization. [Conclusions] The proposed model can effectively evaluate ADS-B surveillance capacity in low-altitude environments, identify key parameter impacts and optimization strategies, and provide theoretical support for the design of UAV operation identification broadcasting systems and low-altitude airspace safety supervision.

Key words: low-altitude UAV, ADS-B surveillance capacity, message reception rate, operation identification broadcast