Evaluation of Cultivated Land Ecological Elements and Clustering Zoning Protection Based on Multi-Source Data: A Case Study of Hailun Farm

doi:10.11871/jfdc.issn.2096-742X.2026.05.004

Abstract

Abstract:

[Objective] A scientific understanding of the spatial heterogeneity of multidimensional ecological elements in cultivated land is of great significance for disentangling the trade-offs between agricultural grain production and other ecological services. [Methods] Taking Hailun Farm in Heilongjiang Province as the study area, this research constructed a soil-crop-landscape multidimensional ecological evaluation system based on multi-source data. Hot and cold spot analysis and local bivariate spatial autocorrelation methods were applied to reveal the spatial differentiation patterns and interactions of multidimensional ecological elements, and a self-organizing map (SOM) neural network was employed to delineate comprehensive zones for cultivated land ecological management. [Results] The results indicate that: (1) The grades of multidimensional ecological elements of cultivated land in the study area exhibit distinct differentiation. Specifically, the soil environment is predominantly of medium grade and mostly locally clustered in the western part of the study area; plots with high-grade crop growth are the most numerous and show spatial homogeneity; and plots with low-grade landscape ecology are the most widely distributed, presenting a strong risk of spatial fragmentation. (2) The numbers of plots showing trade-offs and synergies between the landscape and soil dimensions are relatively balanced, whereas the spatial trade-offs between crop growth and other ecological elements are more prominent. The current intensive agricultural model leads to an over-reliance on artificial inputs to maintain excellent crop growth, and the presently fragmented internal connections within the agroecosystem pose a potential threat to the sustainable utilization of soil fertility in Hailun Farm. (3) Following the clustering principle of minimizing intra-group variance and maximizing inter-group variance, the study area is divided into four types of zones: comprehensive remediation zone, ecological optimization zone, quality and efficiency enhancement zone, and ecological conservation zone. Targeted environmental governance and ecological conservation should be implemented in different zones based on their respective limiting factors. [Conclusions] This study provides a scientific reference for the multidimensional ecological assessment and differentiated restoration strategies of cultivated land in Hailun Farm and other intensive agricultural areas.

Key words: cultivated land protection, ecological factors, spatial clustering, artificial neural networks, remote sensing assessment

KANG Meiqi, WANG Chongchang, YU Lingxue, YANG Yuewen, YAN Zhuoran. Evaluation of Cultivated Land Ecological Elements and Clustering Zoning Protection Based on Multi-Source Data: A Case Study of Hailun Farm[J]. Frontiers of Data and Computing, 2026, 8(5): 48-60, https://cstr.cn/32002.14.jfdc.CN10-1649/TP.2026.05.004.

Figures/Tables 7

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Table 1

Comprehensive evaluation system and indicator weights for the cultivated land ecosystem"

维度	指标	属性	指标含义	权重	数据来源
土壤环境	重金属污染指数	-	表征土壤重金属复合污染程度	0.28	实地土壤采样与实验室测定数据
	微生物量碳	+	表征土壤微生物量水平，反映养分循环与生态活性	0.07
	土壤有机质	+	表征土壤有机质含量，反映土壤肥力与结构稳定性	0.42
	酶活性指数	+	表征土壤酶活性综合水平，反映微生物代谢与养分转化能力	0.05
	土壤容重	-	单位体积土壤的质量，反映土壤通气性、孔隙度及根系生长环境	0.03
	酸碱度	+	表征土壤酸碱性，影响养分有效性、微生物活动和作物生长	0.14
	微生物熵	+	表征活性微生物碳占有机质的比例，反映土壤碳库活性与质量	0.02
作物长势	归一化植被指数	+	表征植被覆盖与长势，反映作物生长状况和生产潜力	0.52	Sentinel-2
	湿度分量	+	表征土壤湿度状况，反映水分供给条件及干旱胁迫强弱	0.26
	建筑物裸土指数	-	表征裸地与建设用地程度，反映人为扰动和地表干燥化水平	0.13
	地表温度	-	表征地表热环境，反映热胁迫与蒸散条件	0.09	Landsat 8/9
	耕地斑块邻近度	-	表征耕地斑块间邻近程度，反映连通性与破碎化水平	0.05	土地利用底图中的耕地斑块数据
景观生态	耕地形状指数	-	表征耕地斑块形状复杂性，反映地块轮廓的狭长度或紧凑度	0.03
	耕地斑块分维数	-	表征耕地斑块边界曲折度，反映地块边缘复杂程度	0.03
	耕地斑块面积	+	表征耕地斑块规模，反映耕地集中度与规模化水平	0.23
	林带边缘密度	+	表征林带边缘密度，反映林带边界数量	0.12	土地利用底图中的林带斑块数据
	林带有效防护面积占比	+	表征林带有效防护覆盖比例，反映农田防护林保障水平	0.47
	林带斑块密度	-	表征单位面积林带斑块数量，反映林带分布破碎化程度	0.08

Table 1

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